In which stage do language learners rely on nods and pointing, showing minimal comprehension?

The correct answer is the pre-production stage. In this early phase of language acquisition, learners typically have very limited verbal language skills. As a result, they rely on nonverbal communication strategies such as nodding, pointing, and using gestures to convey meaning and indicate their understanding. This stage is characterized by a focus on listening and absorbing the new language, with little to no output in the form of spoken language. Learners might understand some words or phrases but do not yet produce speech beyond single words or very basic responses.

In contrast, the early production stage signifies a shift where language learners begin to form simple sentences and respond in more meaningful ways, indicating a better grasp of the language. The speech emergence stage involves the ability to hold basic conversations and utilize more complex sentences, while advanced fluency includes the ability to communicate effectively in more sophisticated and nuanced ways.