What does orthographic influence pertain to?

Orthographic influence pertains to the rules for writing a language and how those rules impact the writing skills of learners, particularly when they are acquiring a second language. This concept involves understanding how the structure and conventions of spelling, punctuation, and other written aspects in a learner's first language can affect their ability to write effectively in a second language.

For example, if a student's first language has different spelling conventions or letter-sound relationships compared to the target language, this can lead to challenges when they attempt to apply their prior knowledge of writing to their new learning context. Such influences are significant in the teaching of writing to English Language Learners, as they need to reconcile their existing knowledge of orthography with the new system they are learning, which can enhance or hinder their writing proficiency in the second language.