Which field of study focuses on the origin of words and their historical meaning changes?

Etymology is the field of study that focuses specifically on the origin of words and how their meanings have changed over time. This involves analyzing the history of words, including their roots, prefixes, suffixes, and how they have been influenced by other languages and cultures. By examining the evolution of words, etymology reveals insights into how language and society intersect, showing the rich tapestry of language development.

Sociolinguistics, while related to the study of language, primarily looks at how language varies and changes in social contexts, such as among different groups and communities. Syntax deals with the structure of sentences and the arrangement of words, which is different from exploring the historical roots of those words. Phonology focuses on the sound systems of languages and how sounds function within a particular language or dialect, rather than their word origins. Thus, etymology is uniquely positioned to address the question regarding the historical development and meaning shifts of words.